Two years after a failed independence bid plunged Iraq’s Kurdistan region into months of instability, the new regional prime minister said his priority was strengthening ties with Baghdad, signalling dreams of self-rule should be put on hold.
Masrour Barzani, sworn in as regional prime minister on Wednesday, said the Kurdistan Regional Government’s focus would be to establish a “strong and constructive” relationship with Baghdad, leaving the question of independence aside for now.
“This [independence referendum] happened in the past and it’s a reflection of the enduring aspiration of a nation,” said Mr Barzani, speaking at his palace in the hillside village of Salaheddine, near the regional capital Erbil.
“However, the focus of my government will be how to build a stronger relationship and partnership with Baghdad,” he said, adding he would look to fix “those issues that were actually keeping us apart.”
The independence bid was led by Mr Barzani’s father, Masoud, who stepped down as Kurdish president in 2017 after the referendum backfired and prompted a military offensive from Baghdad.
At stake for the new leader are long-running disputes over independent oil exports, revenue sharing, security and territory that have plagued ties between Erbil and Baghdad since a US-led invasion toppled Saddam Hussein in 2003.
Mr Barzani was instrumental in orchestrating the September 2017 referendum, which was held over the objections of Baghdad and regional powers. It was seen as the culmination of years of oppositional politics by the semi-autonomous region.
The backlash was swift and pushed the country to the brink of civil war, threatening to undo the years of unprecedented autonomy the region had enjoyed. Relations eventually improved, cemented by a change of government in both capitals.
The region’s oil exports have long been a source of contention with Baghdad. The Kurds, who control Iraq’s only northern pipeline, had been exporting oil independently since 2013. Exports were restarted in 2018 after a year-long freeze amid post-referendum disputes.
As part of the 2018 and 2019 budgets, the Kurdistan Regional Government agreed to send 250,000 barrels per day to federal authorities in exchange for Baghdad paying local civil servant salaries.
Iraqi officials, however, including the prime minister, complain that the KRG has not kept up its side of the bargain, having not sent a single barrel to Baghdad.
Mr Barzani said negotiations on oil and gas were already underway and he sees room for “quick progress” on the file.
“There is great potential for a win-win situation,” he said. “Working together in cooperation with each other, we can increase the production of oil.”
Mutual benefits for both sides is a theme Mr Barzani echoed regarding regional security.
Almost two years since Iraq declared victory against ISIS militants, the country has experienced a deterioration in security in the areas bordering the Kurdistan region.
Mr Barzani, formerly the region’s security chief, said the threat from ISIS was not yet over. The group exploited the rift between the Kurds and Baghdad, he said, who fought side by side to defeat the militant group in 2017.
He is looking to establish a joint security mechanism in the so-called disputed territories, areas claimed by both Baghdad and Erbil, “to close that gap”.
Masrour is the latest Barzani to head the regional government. His father, Masoud, himself the son of a veteran Kurdish leader, still holds considerable sway over its politics.
His cousin Nechirvan held the premiership until last month when he was sworn in as president, following a regional parliamentary election in September 2018.
The Barzanis are one of two families that have dominated regional politics for decades. Though they enjoy continued support among their respective bases through extensive patronage networks, their continued grip on power has opened them up to allegations of mismanagement and corruption from voters, many of whom are owed years of back pay from the government.
Mr Barzani said winning back hearts and minds was therefore a leading priority, as was tackling graft. “I’d like to see reform,” he said. “To make sure that people have more trust in the government.”
