Growing desperation in Syria could trigger another mass exodus unless donor countries send more funds to alleviate hunger and the international community ensures aid shipments can reach the war-ravaged country, the head of the UN food agency said.
World Food Programme Executive Director David Beasley said it was critical to keep aid flowing through border crossings, at a time when growing numbers of people are “literally on the brink of starvation”.
He was speaking ahead of a donor conference for Syria on June 30, hosted by the European Union in Brussels. The conference attempts to raise several billion dollars each year to alleviate the fallout from Syria's nine-year-old war, which has displaced millions of people. Actual payouts typically fall short of pledges made at such gatherings.
The WFP Syria operation faces a funding shortfall of $200 million this year.
The conference on Tuesday comes amid a global economic recession brought on by the coronavirus pandemic, and an economic meltdown in Syria where the local currency has spiralled out of control. Syria's economic turmoil has been made worse by the financial collapse in neighbouring Lebanon, Syria’s main link with the outside world.
Mr Beasley said donors must be aware that the situation in Syria could set off another flood of refugees, as it did in 2015. At the time, a million refugees reached Europe, crossing mainly from Turkey to Greece, and to a lesser degree from countries such as Libya to Italy.
If sufficient aid does not reach Syria, the country's 6.5 million internally displaced people “are going to do what it takes to feed their children, which means they will migrate," he said.
“So we need to address this now. Otherwise we are going to be in a situation similar to 2015 when we had mass migration.”
Since then, Syria's neighbours have largely closed their borders, and the flow of aid from neighbouring countries into Syria has become the subject of intense political wrangling.
UN aid deliveries from Iraq were halted early this year, after Russia vetoed a UN Security Council resolution allowing continued shipments across that border and reducing the number of crossing points for aid deliveries from four to two, from Turkey to the north-west. That has left much of the territory in northern Syria cut off from outside aid.
The Security Council is now considering a draft resolution that would reopen the border crossing with Iraq for six months to allow the delivery of aid as Syrians combat the pandemic. Aid agencies have urged the council to ensure a lifeline for food and medical services to many who live in overcrowded displacement camps.
The draft resolution would also extend the mandate for the two border crossings from Turkey to deliver humanitarian aid to Syria's mainly rebel-held northwest for a year. Around 4 million people are crammed into the territory buckling under repeated government offensives.
The coronavirus pandemic has contributed to a significant deterioration of food security in Syria, where more than 80 per cent of the population lives in poverty.
The financial collapse in Lebanon, where many Syrians had kept their money in Lebanese banks, and the prospect of new US sanctions targeting anyone around the world from doing business with Syrian officials or state institutions, have sent the local currency crashing, throwing more people into poverty.
“So, now of a nation of 20 million people, 9.3 million people go to bed hungry, food insecure, every day, every night in Syria,” Mr Beasley said. "A million of those don’t know where they will get their next meal. They literally are on the brink of starvation.”
