Surrounded by destruction, battle for Mosul nears an end - in pictures

Narrow streets and closely spaced buildings combined with a large civilian population have made for an extremely difficult fight

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ISIL has stepped up suicide attacks as it seeks to hold off Iraqi forces in the final stages of the battle for Mosul, a senior commander said on Monday.

More than eight months after the operation to retake Mosul was launched, ISIL has gone from fully controlling the city to holding a limited area on its western side.

"The enemy has been using suicide bombers, especially women, for the past three days in some of the neighbourhoods," said Staff Lieutenant General Sami al-Aridhi, a senior commander in the elite Counter-Terrorism Service (CTS).

"Before that, they were using snipers and bombs more," he said.

"There are still at least 200 fighters from the (ISIL) organisation" in Mosul, most of them foreigners, he said.

Iraqi forces have been closing in on the Old City in west Mosul for months, but its narrow streets and closely spaced buildings combined with a large civilian population made for an extremely difficult fight.

Civilians fleeing the fighting are receiving treatment at a makeshift clinic in Mosul.

"People come from the Old City of Mosul, where fierce fighting is taking place. They're running away from (ISIL), running away from death, hunger and fear," said Nazar Salih, a doctor at the clinic.

* Agence France-Presse