SIMFEROPOL, UKRAINE // More than a thousand men, muffled in scarves and accompanied by veiled women, stand under the hot sun, waving black and white flags and chanting "Allahu Akbar!".
This is not the Middle East or Central Asia but a rally of the supporters of the Islamist Hizb ut-Tahrir (Party of Freedom) in Simferopol - capital of the Ukrainian Black Sea region of Crimea.
Hizb ut-Tahrir seeks to re-establish a caliphate – a pan-Islamic state based on Islamic rule like in the medieval era – across the region.
Banned in several states, it is now showing surprising strength in Crimea, a balmy seaside holiday resort region which has its own substantial Muslim Tatar minority.
The head of the information office of Hizb ut-Tahrir in Ukraine, Fazyl Amzaev, said the party's ambition of reviving the caliphate does not extend to Ukraine and its presence is educational.
"Our work in Ukraine does not mean that we act or will act to change the borders of the state," Mr Amzaev said.
"Achieving the goal of establishing the caliphate is real only in countries with a predominantly Muslim population. But in Ukraine, we, as Muslims, are obliged to inform the society about Islam in its correct form."
The first devotees of Hizb ut-Tahrir appeared in the Crimea in the early 1990s. Twelve per cent, or 250,000 of the nearly two million inhabitants of Crimea are Sunni Muslim Crimean Tatars.
Now they number between 2,000 and 15,000 - Hizb ut-Tahrir does not disclose the true number, claiming only a permanent climb in supporters.
"The world is a big village, and everywhere there is a struggle against Islam in favour of liberal-democratic values," Mr Amzaev said, calling on Ukrainian Muslims not to assimilate but to keep their values.
"The caliphate is not a threat, but on the contrary is the salvation for mankind amid a crisis of capitalism, democracy and liberal values in general."
Hizb ut-Tahrir Al Islami, established in 1953 in East Jerusalem, has been banned in Russia and several Central Asian countries. It is also outlawed in Germany due to anti-Semitism and anti-Israeli propaganda.
The Spiritual Board of Muslims of Crimea - the main umbrella group for Muslims in the region - has already called on the authorities to take a closer look at the group's work in Ukraine.
Its deputy head Aider Ismailov said Hizb ut-Tahrir's teachings could contradict local religious tradition and practices.
"This party creates a negative image of Islam and Muslims, people are scared of their rallies," he said.
Mr Ismailov is not pushing for the party to be banned in Ukraine, but he considers its ideology harmful.
"We would like to see the government state its position towards a religious-political group which preaches that democracy is a system of unbelief," he said.
Ukraine appears in no hurry to ban Hizb ut-Tahrir, if just because the group simply does not exist in the legal framework of the country - it is not registered either as a party or as a public or religious organisation.
Party members themselves do not seek for their formalisation, citing ideological reasons.
"Hizb ut-Tahrir in Ukraine does not seek political goals, and our participation in non-Islamic authorities is forbidden by the canons of faith," Mr Amzaev said, saying it neither plans to take part in elections nor seek power.
The authorities so far have taken merely small steps to avoid possible confrontations between Hizb ut-Tahrir members and their opponents, in particular with court decisions trying to ban party rallies.
In June, a court approved a suit from local authorities banning a scheduled rally that could not guarantee order.
Despite the prohibition, the action took place, and the police, as in similar cases in the past, limited themselves to drawing up a protocol on an administrative law violation.
The Crimean members of Hizb ut-Tahrir, however, also behave with extreme care to prevent possible attacks from opponents and punitive actions by the authorities.
In Simferopol, they have no headquarters and their information office is a virtual concept not linked to any postal address.
Mr Amzaev is however a prominent public figure, giving interviews, speaking on television, writing on social networks, and recruiting supporters.
During the last rally of Hizb ut-Tahrir in Simferopol, almost every speaker called on fellow Muslims to aid the Syrian rebels battling the regime of Bashar Al Assad, which sparked protests in the Crimean Tatar community against the possible sending of militants to Syria.
Mr Amzaev said: "We are not recruiting the rebels, but I do not rule out some of the Crimean Tatars fighting against Assad."
