Lawyers representing victims of chemical weapons attacks in Syria say they have filed criminal complaints with Germany's federal public prosecutor against the Syrian officials they blame for the deaths of hundreds of civilians in the country's rebel-held areas.
Germany, which is home to 600,000 Syrians, has "universal jurisdiction" laws that allow it to prosecute people for crimes against humanity committed anywhere in the world.
That offers a rare legal avenue for action against the government of President Bashar Al Assad. Attempts by Western powers to set up an international tribunal for Syria have been blocked by Russia and China at the UN Security Council.
The Syrian government denies it has used chemical weapons against its own civilians.
A spokesman for Germany's Public Prosecutor General (GBA) was not immediately available to confirm the complaint had been submitted.
The complaints are based on what the lawyers say is the most comprehensive body of evidence so far on the use of substances such as sarin gas in Syria in Ghouta in 2013 and in Khan Sheikhoun four years later, which killed at least 1,400 people.
They include testimonies from 17 survivors and 50 defectors with knowledge of the Syrian government's chemical weapons programme or plans to carry out the two attacks, they say.
"Prosecutors may ultimately determine they have sufficient evidence to issue arrest warrants for members of the Assad regime," said Steve Kostas, a lawyer with the Open Society Foundation's Justice Initiative, one of the three organisations behind the complaints.
"This would be a major step in the longer term process to secure trials against Syrian officials."
‘The world has started to forget about us’
A UN-commissioned investigation to identify those behind chemical weapons attacks in Syria concluded in 2016 that Syrian government forces had used chlorine and sarin gas.
"It is a small step but it gives us hope that maybe one day we could see justice," said a volunteer medic who was injured while rescuing victims of the attack in Ghouta.
"The world has started to forget about us and our complaints are a reminder that the world has a moral obligation to help put on trial people who used chemical weapons," said the woman, who fled to Germany in 2015 and requested anonymity, citing safety fears.
Syrian lawyers and victims of alleged torture are also pursuing cases against former Syrian military and security officials living in Germany, who are suspected of human rights violations.
The first trial of suspected members of Assad's security services for crimes against humanity, such as charges of torture and sexual assault, started in a German court in April.
The country's prosecutor general has also issued an international arrest warrant for the head of the Syrian Air Force Intelligence on charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity.
The Assad government denies it tortures prisoners.
"The significance of the complaints is to send a signal to the Syrian regime's main backers - Russia and Iran - that there can be no resolution to the conflict without accountability for crimes against civilians," said Mazen Darwish, director of the Syrian Centre for Media and Freedom of Expression.
