The European Commission rejected Italy's draft 2019 budget on Tuesday, saying it brazenly broke EU rules on public spending, and asked Rome to submit a new one within three weeks or face disciplinary action.
Italian bond yields jumped on the unprecedented move by the EU executive, which was exerting for the first time a power obtained in 2013 after a sovereign debt crisis to send back a budget of a eurozone country that violates the rule book.
Having recently emerged from the Greek debt debacle that nearly destroyed the single currency, the EU is concerned about another possible crisis if debt-laden Italy were to lose market trust.
The commission has previously dealt with France, Spain, Portugal and past Italian administrations that broke EU fiscal rules, but none of those violations were as blatant as the latest Italian budget draft, it said.
"Today, for the first time, the commission is obliged to request a euro area country to revise its draft budget plan," commission vice president Valdis Dombrovskis said.
"The Italian government is openly and consciously going against the commitments it made."
Yields of Italian benchmark 10-year bonds surged on the news to 3.57 per cent in the afternoon from 3.42 early on Tuesday.
Rome will now have to send a new draft budget that would cut the structural deficit, which excludes one-offs and business cycle swings, by 0.6 per cent of GDP, rather than increase it by 0.8 points as in the current plan, the commission said.
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In a letter to the commission on Monday, Italy acknowledged that the draft violated EU rules, but said it would stick to its guns. Deputy Prime Minister Luigi Di Maio responded to the commission rejection by calling for "respect" for Italians.
"This is the first Italian budget that the EU doesn't like. I am not surprised. This is the first Italian budget that was written in Rome and not in Brussels," Mr Di Maio said on Facebook.
Speaking during a trip to Russia, Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte said he expected "frank and constructive" discussions with Brussels over the fiscal package, adding that plans to increase the deficit to 2.4 per cent of GDP "won't be touched at the moment".
A spokeswoman for the economy ministry in Rome defended the expansionary budget and said Italy remained convinced that the only way to cut public debt was by boosting economic growth.
Italy has the second highest debt-to-GDP ratio in the EU after Greece, at 131.2 per cent in 2017, and the highest debt servicing costs in Europe. But it believes additional spending through a higher deficit would boost growth, helping to reduce the debt-to-GDP ratio.
The commission believes Italy's growth assumptions are overly optimistic, making the debt reduction plan questionable.
"Experience has shown time and again that higher fiscal deficits and debt do not bring lasting growth. And excessive debt makes your economy more vulnerable to future crisis," Mr Dombrovskis said.
Unless Rome changes the deficit assumptions, the commission said it would start disciplinary steps, known as the excessive deficit procedure.
Under EU law, Italy should cut its public debt every year by 1/20 of the difference between 60 per cent of GDP and its current size, counted on average over three years – in Italy's case meaning several per cent of GDP a year.
The excessive deficit procedure can lead to fines of up to 0.2 per cent of GDP if recommendations to cut the deficit and debt are ignored.
