Deadly war in cities at the heart of Iraq stand-off in Anbar

Militants' hold on Ramadi and Fallujah proves hard to break and could disrupt Iraqi elections.

Masked anti-government gunmen patrol in Fallujah, in the western Iraqi province of Anbar. AP Photo / March 15, 2014
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RAMADI // An Iraqi special forces patrol moves on foot past ruined homes on the outskirts of Ramadi, a city west of Baghdad where militants inspired by Al Qaeda have held off the military for three months. As they head down an alleyway, shots from snipers ring out, followed by grenade blasts.

The troops take shelter behind walls and Humvees and return fire. No one is wounded and the operation continues.

A short while later the unit is clearing a house. They blow open the outer gate with a charge and a bomb expert goes inside. He pronounces the building safe to enter and calls on the rest of the soldiers to search it. Moments later a huge explosion collapses the building, shakes the ground and sends dust billowing in the air.

The house was booby-trapped. Four soldiers are killed and 10 are wounded.

“God curse Daesh,” one junior officer swore, using the Arabic acronym for the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, an Al Qaeda spin-off group leading the militants. Soldiers nearby said they could hear the militants taunting them through loudspeakers: “Our slain are in Heaven, while your slain are in Hell.”

This gruelling urban warfare in the Ramadi suburb of Al Bakir earlier this month is part of a deadly standoff pitting government forces and allied tribal militias against the Islamic State and allied militants in Anbar province, the heartland of Iraq’s Sunni minority. The militants hold part of the provincial capital of Ramadi and nearly all of the nearby city of Fallujah.

It is the biggest challenge yet to the Shiite-led government of prime minister Nouri Al Maliki and has dragged on far longer than officials had expected, costing the lives of scores of Iraqi soldiers. It is likely to disrupt voting in elections scheduled for the end of April, shaking the credibility of the government.

Anbar operations commander Lt Gen Rasheed Fleih said US-trained special forces are taking the lead in fighting since the regular Iraqi army lacks experience for this kind of warfare. He says more than 100 Iraqi soldiers have been killed and 400 wounded in three months of fighting, while about 250 militants have been killed.

He estimated that the number of militants at around 1,000 fighters in Fallujah alone, half of them foreigners.

The government says it is making progress in the battle. The Bakir operation was intended to clear our insurgents from this middle-class suburb and re-establish government control.

But Lt Gen Ali Ghaidan, commander of the army’s ground forces, said that Iraqi military commanders did not expect that the fight against armed groups in Anbar would take such a long time. He blames the intelligence agencies for providing bad information. The militants are equipped with anti-tank guns and advanced sniper rifles and their favourite tactic is booby-trapping houses, said Lt Gen Ghaidan.

The militants took control of Fallujah and parts of Ramadi in late December, taking advantage of a months-long surge in Sunni discontent against Mr Al Maliki’s government. The takeover was sparked when security forces arrested a Sunni MP sought on terrorism charges, then dismantled a year-old Sunni anti-government protest camp.

Taking the lead in the fighting is the Islamic State, an extremist group with which Al Qaeda recently broke ties. Emboldened by fellow Sunni fighters’ gains in the Syrian civil war, it has tried to position itself as the champion of Iraqi Sunnis angry at the government.

Their main ally is the Military Council For Tribal Revolutionaries. It is a mixture of tribal representatives and militants drawn mainly from Saddam Hussein’s army. They do not pledge allegiance to ISIL, but avoid confronting them.

In Fallujah, history is repeating itself. A decade ago the Islamic State’s predecessors took a high-profile role in defending the city against US forces in the biggest battle of the Iraq War, boosting the group’s profile and allowing it eventually to eclipse other insurgent groups.

Militants aligned with Al Qaeda ultimately alienated many Sunnis with their hardline ideology, and many in Fallujah ultimately fought against them. Now the Islamic State is trying to repair its image in the city. They have cleared rubbish and planted flowers in road medians and allow some practices — like barbers trimming beards — that in years past they would have considered haram, or forbidden.

The Iraqi army talks a tough line butappears to be moving cautiously — partially because the government wants to avoid a bloodbath going into elections, and partially because it does not want to endanger its alliance with those Anbar Sunni tribes who have thrown in their lot with Mr Al Maliki. Thousands of Sunni fighters back Baghdad’s forces, with their leaders stressing that the war against Al Qaeda should take priority over grievances with Baghdad.

The prolonged battle in Anbar is likely to disrupt parliamentary elections scheduled for April 30. If the fighting goes on, Iraqi military officials said it would be impossible to hold elections inside Fallujah.

The exclusion of some Sunni cities from the nationwide election could deepen Sunni fears of being marginalised by the Shiite majority, which was long oppressed under Saddam’s rule and rose to power after he was toppled by the 2003 US-led invasion.

The fighting has driven out many Ramadi residents.

Abu Taha, a Ramadi resident, fled his house in the flashpoint area of Malaab three months ago.

“We thought that the fighting would last only for two or three weeks. We did not expect that our suffering would be open-ended,” he said, speaking on condition he be identified only by his nickname for fear of recriminations.

Abu Taha is now staying along with his eight-member family in a relative’s house in a relatively safe area in Ramadi. His savings have run out and he is dependent on his extended family to survive.

Asked to describe his circumstances, he said: “Total misery.”

* Associated Press