Black box data recovered from the crashed Lion Air jet showed the plane had an airspeed indicator problem on its four flights.
The head of Indonesia's National Transportation Safety Committee, Soerjanto Tjahjono, and investigator Nurcahyo Utomo said the problem was similar on each of the four flights - including the fatal flight on October 29 that killed all 189 people on board.
The stunning revelation on Monday came after angry relatives confronted the airline's co-founder at a meeting organised by Indonesian officials.
At the meeting, Mr Tjahjono said information downloaded from the flight data recorder is consistent with reports the plane's speed and altitude were erratic. Searchers are still trying to locate the cockpit voice recorder.
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Lion Air crash
Previous flight requested a return to airport shortly after take-off
More body parts found from crashed Indonesian jet
About the 737 Max: the plane at the centre of the Lion Air crash
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Relatives demanded answers as to why the plane had been passed fit to fly and called for no let up in the search for loved ones.
Indonesian authorities on Sunday extended the search for another three days and a second black box recorder from wreckage of a brand new Boeing 737 MAX that slammed into the sea a week ago only minutes after it took off from Jakarta.
At a news conference charged with emotion, relatives addressed questions to Indonesian officials including transport minister Budi Karya Sumadi and the head of the country's transportation safety committee (KNKT).
"We are the victims here. Imagine if you were in our position," said Najib Fuquoni, a relative of a victim, demanding an independent investigation into the crash.
Muhammad Bambang Sukandar, the father of another victim, said Lion Air technicians needed to take "full responsibility" if it was proved they had not properly attended to technical issues following the jet's previous flight from Bali to Jakarta.
"This is not an unimportant thing. These are people’s lives," he said, as he sought to choke back tears.
"Don't let something like this keep happening in Indonesia," he added. Indonesia is one of the world's fastest-growing aviation markets, but its safety record is in question. Its transport safety panel investigated 137 serious aviation incidents from 2012 to 2017.
At one stage during the conference, relatives urged Lion Air founder Rusdi Kirana, who was in the audience, to stand up. He stood up, but did not comment and clasped his hands together as if seeking forgiveness.
The privately owned budget carrier was founded in 1999. Its aircraft have been involved in at least 15 safety incidents and it has been placed under tougher international safety restrictions than other Indonesian airlines.
While victims' relatives are desperate to know what happened, the first crash of a Boeing 737 MAX is also the focus of scrutiny by the global aviation industry.
"As an initial step we conducted ramp checks for 11 Boeing 737 Max 8," said transport minister Sumadi, adding that authorities were also conducting a special audit to include operating procedures and crew qualifications.
The search effort has involved 151 divers, five helicopters, 61 ships, ranging from fishing boats to ships with advanced sonar scanners, as well as underwater drones.
An Indonesian rescue diver died during the search for a second black box, parts of the plane, and human remains on the muddy seabed.
Mr Tjahjono has said 69 hours of recorded data from 19 flights, including the one that crashed, had been downloaded successfully from a partly damaged flight data recorder recovered on Thursday.
As of Monday, 138 body bags containing human remains had been recovered and handed to police for forensic identification, yet only 14 victims had been identified.
Among the larger parts of the plane found have been a mangled engine and a damaged aircraft wheel.
Mr Tjahjono said based on initial analysis the "engine was running with fairly high speed" when it hit the water. While there were no signs of an explosion in the air, the plane appeared to have hit the water with huge force, he said. "When the plane hit the water, the energy released was extraordinarily large."
